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各类齿轮箱的特点

2025年9月02日

各类齿轮箱的特点(Characteristics of all kinds of gearbox(s))

正齿轮箱(Spur gearbox)
1、扭矩比较小,但可以进行薄型和静音设计( The torque is relatively low, but can be thin and quiet design)。
2、效率,每级91%(Efficiency,91% per stage)。
3、输入和输出的位置 在同一中心或者不同中心( The input and output of the same center or different centers)。
4、输入、输出的旋转方向 因齿轮级不同而不同(Input, output of the rotation direction due to different gear levels)。

行星齿轮箱(Planetary gearbox)
1、可以进行高扭矩的传导( Can conduct high-torque conduction)。
2、效率,每级79%(Efficiency,79% per stage)。
3、输入和输出的位置 :同一中心( The location of input and output: the same center)。
4、输入、输出的旋转方向 相同( Input, output rotation in the same direction)。

齿轮效率(Gear efficiency)

齿轮减速箱会有一些机械性损失(齿轮的咬合和轴承摩擦等)。一般来说,每一级齿轮咬合,按照行星齿轮减速机79%、直齿轮减速机效率91%来计算效率。但是,该会因电机的扭矩和转数等条件而发生很大变化。所以,仅可作为参考值。在低扭矩状态下使用的时候,会大幅度降低(Gearboxes have some mechanical loss (gearengagement and bearing friction, etc.). In general, each level of gear occlusion, in accordance with the planetary gear reducer 79%, spur gear reducer efficiency of 90% to calculate efficiency. However, this value varies greatly depending on the conditions of the motor torque and rotation speed. Therefore, only as areference value. In the low torque state when used, the efficiency will be greatly reduced)。

  • 齿轮减速箱传动效率举例(An example of calculation of efficiency):
    直齿轮5级咬合 Spur gear 5-stage meshing

效率(η)=0.91×0.91×0.91×0.91×0.91≈0.624(62.4%) Efficiency(η)= 0.91×0.91×0.91×0.91×0.91≈0.624(62.4%)

行星齿轮3级咬 planetary gear 3-stage meshing

效率(η)=0.79×0.79×0.79≈0.493(49.3%)Efficiency(η)= 0.79×0.79×0.79≈0.493(49.3%)

  • 齿轮箱输出速度、力矩与电机速度、力矩之关系 (The relationship of speed and torque between gearbox and motor)

齿轮箱输出力矩(gearbox output torque)=单体电机输出力矩(Ts)×减速比(gear ratio)×齿轮传动效率(η)

举例说明 (Example):

单体电机空载转速N0: 14800RPM ,起动力矩Ts=15g.cm,配100:1齿轮箱,齿轮箱传动效率:60%
(Gearbox Output torque N0: 14800RPM ,Stall torque Ts=15g.cm, with 100:1,gearbox transmission efficiency:60%)

齿轮箱输出力矩(gearbox output torque)=单体电机输出力矩(Ts)×减速比(gear ratio)×齿轮传动效率(η)=15×100×60%=900 g.cm

  • 齿轮箱减速级数对电机转向的影响(The effect of number of gear stages on motor rotation)

当正齿轮箱级数为奇数时,齿轮箱输出轴旋转方向与电机输出轴旋转方向相反。
(When the number of spur gear stages is odd, the direction of rotation of the gearbox output shaft is opposite to that of the motor output shaft.)
当正齿轮箱级数为偶数时,齿轮箱输出轴旋转方向与电机输出轴旋转方向相同。
(When the number of spur gear stages is even, the gearbox output shaft rotates in the same direction as the motor output shaft.)
行星齿轮箱输出轴旋转方向与电机输出轴旋转方向相同,与级数无关。
(The rotation direction of the planetary gearbox output shaft is the same as the rotation direction of the motor output shaft, regardless of the number of stages.)

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