---
title: 各类齿轮箱的特点 - 欧拉利
description: 直齿、行星与蜗轮蜗杆齿轮箱特点对比：效率、回程间隙、噪声与承载能力及适用场景，EURARI技术指南。
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介绍电机与齿轮箱产品组合技术信息①，各种类型齿轮箱的特点

正齿轮箱  
1、扭矩比较小，但可以进行薄型和静音设计  
2、效率，每级91％  
3、输入轴与输出轴可同轴或平行偏置  
4、输入、输出的旋转方向 因齿轮级不同而不同  
![](https://eurari.com/images/support/2509/Characteristics-ofall-kind-of-gearboxs-article-1.jpg)

行星齿轮箱  
1、可传递高扭矩，扭矩密度高  
2、效率，每级79％  
3、输入和输出的位置 :同一中心  
4、输入、输出的旋转方向相同  
![](https://eurari.com/images/support/2509/Characteristics-ofall-kind-of-gearboxs-article-2.jpg)

### 齿轮效率

齿轮减速箱会有一些机械性损失（齿轮的咬合和轴承摩擦等）。一般来说，每一级齿轮咬合，按照行星齿轮减速机79%、直齿轮减速机效率91%来计算效率。此处给出的单级效率为额定工况下的典型峰值。实际效率会因负载、转速和温度等条件显著变化，尤其在低扭矩工况下会大幅降低。所以，仅可作为参考值。在低扭矩状态下使用的时候，会大幅度降低

- 齿轮减速箱传动效率举例：  
    直齿轮5级咬合
 
效率（η）＝0.91×0.91×0.91×0.91×0.91≈0.624（62.4％）

行星齿轮3级咬合

效率（η）＝0.79×0.79×0.79≈0.493（49.3％）

- 齿轮箱输出速度、力矩与电机速度、力矩之关系
 
![](https://eurari.com/images/support/2509/Characteristics-ofall-kind-of-gearboxs-article-3.png)

齿轮箱输出力矩=单体电机输出力矩×减速比×齿轮传动效率

举例说明：

单体电机空载转速N0: 14800RPM ，起动力矩Ts=15g.cm,配100：1齿轮箱，齿轮箱传动效率：60%  
![](https://eurari.com/images/support/2509/Characteristics-ofall-kind-of-gearboxs-article-4.png)

齿轮箱输出力矩=单体电机输出力矩×减速比×齿轮传动效率=15×100×60%=900 g.cm

- 齿轮箱减速级数对电机转向的影响
 
当正齿轮箱级数为奇数时，齿轮箱输出轴旋转方向与电机输出轴旋转方向相反。  
当正齿轮箱级数为偶数时，齿轮箱输出轴旋转方向与电机输出轴旋转方向相同。  
行星齿轮箱输出轴旋转方向与电机输出轴旋转方向相同，与级数无关。

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